| Jesus | |
|---|---|
 Jesus as Good Shepherd (stained glass at St John's Ashfield). | |
| Born | 7–2 BC/BCE[1] Bethlehem, Judaea, Roman Empire(traditional); Nazareth, Galilee (modern critical scholarship)[2] |
| Died | 30–36 AD/CE[3][4][5][6][7] Calvary, Judaea, Roman Empire(according to the New Testament, he rose on the third day after his death.) |
| Cause of death | Crucifixion |
| Resting place | Traditionally and temporarily, agarden tomb in Jerusalem[8] |
| Nationality | Israelite |
| Ethnicity | Jewish |
| Home town | Nazareth, Galilee, Roman Empire |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Parents | Father: God (Christian view) virginal conception (Islamic view) Joseph (other views) Mother: Saint Mary Adoptive father: Saint Joseph |
Jesus of Nazareth commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure ofChristianity. His impact on the course of human history has been significant, affecting Christians, as well as others.[9][10][11][12] Most Christian denominations venerate him as God the Son incarnated and believe that he rose from the dead after being crucified.[13][14] The principal sources of information regarding Jesus are the four canonical gospels,[15] and most biblical scholars find them useful for reconstructing Jesus' life and teachings.[16][17][18][19] Some scholars believe apocryphal texts such as the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of the Hebrews are also relevant.[20]
Most critical historians agree that Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was regarded as a teacher and healer, that he was baptized by John the Baptist, and wascrucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman Prefect of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, on the charge of sedition against the Roman Empire.[21] Critical Biblicalscholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Jesus as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the historical Jesusconsider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating a future apocalypse.[22] Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "Kingdom of God" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.[22]
Christians traditionally believe that Jesus was born of a virgin,[14]:529–32 performed miracles,[14]:358–59 founded the Church, rose from the dead, andascended into heaven,[14]:616–20 from which he will return.[14]:1091–109 The majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, and "the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity".[23] A few Christian groups, however, reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.[23][24]Most Christian scholars today present Jesus as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God,[25] arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.[26]
Judaism rejects assertions that Jesus was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh.[27] In Islam, Jesus (in Arabic: عيسى in Islamic usage, commonly transliterated as Isa) is considered one of God's important prophets,[28][29] a bringer of scripture, and the product of a virgin birth, but not to have experienced crucifixion.[30] Islam and the Bahá'í Faith use the title "Messiah" for Jesus,[31][32] but do not teach that he was God incarnate.
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